Hospital waste are the waste produced in the course of health care activities during Treating,Diagnosing, and Immunizing Human being or Study/Research activities.
·75-90% Non-Hazardous/ General Waste
·10-15% Hazardous
 
Hospital Waste Categories

1.General Waste:

 The bulk of most medical waste, mostly typicalhousehold and office waste                                                  

No risk of human health eg: Office paper,wrapper, kitchen waste, general sweeping etc.

2.Pathological Waste:

Human tissue or fluid eg: Body parts, blood,body fluids etc.

3.Infectious Waste:

 Any waste that could cause an infection in humans, like blood,

 human tissue or anything contaminated with bodily fluids

Which may transmit bacterial, viral orparasitic disease to human   

 being, wastesuspected to contain pathogen etc. Laboratoryculture,

 tissues(swabs), bandage etc.

4.Biochemical Waste:

Biomedical waste is generated from biological and medical sources and activities;

·         hospitals and other health facilities.

·         laboratories and research centers.

·         mortuary and autopsy centers.

·         animal research and testing laboratories.

·         blood banks and collection services.

·         nursing homes for the elderly.

5.Sharps:

In healthcare, sharps are a form of biohazardous waste generated during the provision of care, treatment and services..

eg:Needle,scaples, knives,blades etc.

6.Radio-active Waste:

Any waste generated as a result of radioactive treatments, like cancer therapies, and medical equipment that uses nuclear elements. Unused liquid from radiotherapy or lab research, contaminated glassware etc.

7.Pharmacutical Waste:

Pharmaceutical waste is any leftover, unused, or expired medication that is being discarded. Patients and healthcare providers produce medication waste in formal settings, as patients recover from surgery or major illness, and in patient homes, as patients manage chronic illness and other conditions.

8.Pressurized Waste:

Pressurized waste also produce like Gas cylinder, aerosol cans etc.



Pollutants of heavy metal

1    1. Cd               3.Cu           5.Hg   

2     2. Cr               4.Pb           6.Zn



   Causes:

     ·               Diagnosis

     ·              Needles

     ·              Syringe

     ·             Blood banks

     ·            Dental clinics

C



Effects of medicine:

·      Heavy metals are toxic to human health it causes                        carcinogenic.

·      It causes respiratory tract cancer.

·      kidney and liver damage.

·     Weaken immune system.

         ·     Skin rashes



Effects of heavy metals on plants:

1.Reduce seed germination.

2.Reduce photosynthesis.

3.Decrese nutrient uptake water potential.

4.Inhibition of electron transport.


Overall effects of heavy metal 

·       Plant growth reduce

·      Air quality

·      Disturb human health

·      Aquatic life